Image of St.Nicholas
sorry I'm unable to rotate this pic on this blog
Perhaps this will serve as better imaginery!-)
Historically, we were told that Christopher Columbus landed on Mount Saint Nicholas in Haiti. Just as the Pilgrimages landed on Plymouth Rock in America. Malcom X said it beautifully Plymouth Rock landed on us. It is known that things fell apart once the infmaous Christoher Columbus landed anywhere. Although, he did not discover anything, anyone, or anywhere for that matter. His contribution, however, was the Colonization of the islands. So, just who is St. Nicholas and what does he represent. I have seen this particular image on my mother's altar for quite sometime, but there was always a question mark as to who or what he represented in Haitian Vodou. Culturally, some people do not understand why things are done it is just accepted as the norm. Finally, I have put the pieces together.
Check out this piece written in wikipedia about St. Nicholas, and Sinterklaas
Although he is usually referred to as Sinterklaas, he is also known as
De Goedheiligman (
The Good Holy Man),
Sint Nicolaas] or simply as
De Sint. He is celebrated annually on Saint Nicholas' eve (5 December) or on the morning of 6 December in Belgium and Northern France. Originally, the feast celebrates the
name day of
Saint Nicholas — patron saint of children, sailors, and the city of
Amsterdam, among others. Sint Nicholas being a bishop and this geographical spread make clear that the feast in this form has a Roman-Catholic background.
Sinterklaas carries a staff and has mischievous helpers with black faces!?!
Middle Ages
Originally, the Sinterklaas feast celebrates the name day, 6 December, of the Saint Nicholas (280–342), patron saint of children. Saint Nicholas was a Greek
bishop of
Myra in present-day
Turkey. In 1087, his relics were furtively translated to
Bari, in southeastern Italy; for this reason, he is also known as Nikolaos of Bari. Bari later formed part of the Spanish
Kingdom of Naples, because it was previously conquered in 1442 by Alfonso V of Aragon. The city thus became part of the
Kingdom of Aragon and later to
Spain, until the eighteenth century. Due to the fact that the remains of St. Nicholas were in Bari (then a Spanish city), is this tradition that St. Nicholas comes from Spain. His helper is black because at the time Spain was part of the Moor empire. St. Nicholas is well known in Spain as the patron of sailors. That's why St. Nicholas comes to the Netherlands in a steamboat. St. Nicholas fame spread throughout Europe. The Western Catholic Church made his name day a Church holiday. In the north of France, he became the patron saint of school children, then mostly in church schools. The folk feast arose during the Middle Ages. In early traditions, students elected one of them as "bishop" on St. Nicholas Day, who would rule until December 28 (Innocents Day). They sometimes acted out events from the bishop's life. As the festival moved to city streets, it became more lively.
[2]
Sinterklaas is assisted by many
mischievous helpers with
black faces and colourful
Moorish dresses. These helpers are called 'Zwarte Pieten' (Black Petes). During the Middle-ages Zwarte Piet was a name for evil. Although the character of Black Pete later came to acquire racial connotations, his origins were in the evil figure. Good and bad play an important role in the feast: good is rewarded, bad and evil is punished. Hence the duplication of the one Saint in a saint and a (frolicking) devil.
The feast was both an occasion to help the poor, by putting money in their shoes (which evolved into putting presents in children's shoes) and a wild feast, similar to
Carnival, that often led to costumes, a "topsy-turvy" overturning of daily roles, and mass public drunkenness.
[edit] 16th and 17th Century
After the rebellion of the 17 Dutch provinces against the
Spanish Empire, Calvinist regents and ministers prohibited celebration of the Saint. The Republic of the United Provinces became an officially
Protestant country following the
Reformation, and its governments abolished public celebrations. The South, however, remained Catholic. People there and students in Amsterdam, also Catholic, protested. The governments were forced to allow celebration within the family.
19th Century
Perhaps building on the fact that Sint Nicholas historically is the patron saint of the sailors (many churches dedicated to him have been built near harbors), Schenkman could have been inspired by the Spanish customs and ideas about the saint when he portrayed him arriving via the water in his book. Schenkman introduced the song
Zie ginds komt de stoomboot ("Look over yonder, the steamboat is arriving"), which is still popular in the nation.
In Schenkman's version, the medieval figures of the mock devil, which later changed to Oriental or Moorish
helpers, was portrayed for the first time as black African and called Zwarte Piet (Black Peter).[2] He is a negro boy who accompanies Sinterklaas and helps him on his rounds (possibly derived from the Dutch colonial experience, or the Moorish occupation of Spain, the main Catholic nation.) Traditionally Sinterklaas only had one helper, whose name varied wildly. "Piet(er)" the name in use now can be traced back to a book from 1891.
According to the more modern Saint Nicholas legend, a Zwarte Piet is a servant who accompanies Saint Nicholas on his holiday travels. In some versions, Saint Nicholas is said to have liberated a young
slave named Peter, who decided to serve Nicholas. Zwarte Piet is today commonly depicted as a
black person in the colorful pantaloons, feathered cap and ruffles of a
Renaissance European page, a tradition that started based on a single illustration in a book published in 1850.
Until the second half of the 20th century, Saint Nicholas' helper was not too bright, in line with the old colonial traditions. Once immigration started from the former colonised countries Zwarte Piet became a much more respected assistant of Saint Nicholas, who is often a bit inattentive, but playfull.
[8]
According to the more modern Saint Nicholas legend, a Zwarte Piet is a servant who accompanies Saint Nicholas on his holiday travels. In some versions, Saint Nicholas is said to have liberated a young
slave named Peter, who decided to serve Nicholas. Zwarte Piet is today commonly depicted as a
black person in the colorful pantaloons, feathered cap and ruffles of a
Renaissance European page, a tradition that started based on a single illustration in a book published in 1850.
Zwarte Pieten are often portrayed as mischievous but rarely mean-spirited characters. The character is believed to have been derived from pagan traditions of evil spirits. Also told for decades is a story that the Zwarte Pieten are black because of chimney soot and/or in mockery of the darker Spanish occupiers of the
Low Countries in centuries past.
During recent years the role of Zwarte Pieten has become part of a recurring debate in the Netherlands. Controversial practices include holiday revellers blackening their faces, wearing
afro wigs, gold jewellery and bright red lipstick,
[9] and walking the streets throwing
candy to passers-by.
Foreign tourists, particularly Americans, often experience
culture shock upon encountering the character (to dress in
blackface is considered offensive in the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries). Since the last decade of the 20th century there have been several attempts to introduce a new kind of Zwarte Piet to the
Dutch population, where the Zwarte Pieten replaced their traditional black make-up with all sorts of colours.
[10] In 2006 the
NPS (en: Dutch Programme Foundation) as an experiment replaced the black Pieten by rainbow-coloured Pieten, but in 2007 reverted to the traditional all-black Pieten.
[11]
WAKe Up~
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